True AC RMS Voltage & Current Panel Meters
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AC Digital Panel Meters
CONFIGURATOR
GENERAL ORDERING INFORMATION:
Specify Meter Color & Digit Size, Meter Power and a Signal Conditioner from the list below. Specify Analog Output, Setpoint Output and Digital Interface if needed. These meters are shipped with a standard configuration and range shown below for each signal conditioner and output option type. All information for making changes is covered in the supplied Owners Manual. For other scalings or configurations, add the SC (Special Configuration) option.
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Features
- Available in two digit heights: 0.56″ for panel mounting, 5.0″ (Mighty-5) for long-distance viewing.
- 0.2, 2, 20, 200 & 660 V ranges.
- 2, 20, 200 mA & 5 A ranges.
- 4 1/2 digit resolution.
- 99.9% accuracy of full scale.
- AC coupled input.
- Crest factor of 2.4 at full scale.
- Priced competitively with less capable averaging AC meters.
- Scalable for direct readout of external current shunts or current transformers.
- Peak value display.
- 95-240 Vac ±10% and 95-370 Vdc power standard.
- Green or red display.
- Choice of isolated plug-in options for control and computer interface:
dual relays, 4-20 mA & 0-10 V analog output, RS232/485 serial I/O, low voltage AC & DC power. - 1/8 DIN case environmentally sealed to NEMA-4X from front panel.
- 1/8 DIN version certified to UL 3101-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2, EN 61010-1 (CE Mark).
Description
Micro Series True RMS meters offer a high accuracy 4-1/2 digit display for five voltage ranges and four current ranges. It is suited for AC applications where there is considerable distortion of current waveforms from nonlinear loading. The input is AC coupled to read only the AC component, such as ripple on a power supply.
The True RMS meter uses precision circuitry to compute the root-mean-square of complex waveforms from 10 Hz to 10 kHz. Spikes up to 2.4 times the maximum of each range are accurately measured. This provides a crest factor (Vp / Vrms) of 240 for a signal amplitude of 1% of full scale, decreasing to 2.4 at 100% of full scale.
Use with Current Transformers
High common mode rejection allows stable readings with current shunts located on the high side of the line. Five amp input capability allows the output of 5 A current transformers to be applied directly to the meter, with no need for a stepdown transformer. The current reading can easily be scaled to display the input to the current transformer. Digital scaling and calibration eliminate zero and span drift associated with potentiometers in non-microcomputer based meters.
High Accuracy
The typical accuracy is 99.9% of full scale, decreasing to 99.8% for low frequency at high amplitude, or high frequency at low amplitude. The above graph shows that maximum error is 0.1% of full scale over all frequency ranges of interest to AC power measurement. Error increases to 0.2%, represented by the two shaded areas, at low frequency and high amplitude, or high frequency and low amplitude.
Crest factor increases in inverse proportion to signal amplitude. As shown on the same graph, the maximum crest factor (Vp / Vrms) is 2.4x at full-scale amplitude, increasing to 240 at 1% of full-scale amplitude.
The Micro RMS meter utilizes the same high-speed analog-to-digital conversion method as all other Micro Series panel meters. However, the meter settling time and control response to a step change in AC amplitude are limited by the RMS converter circuit to approximately 1 second.
Maximum error as a function of frequency and signal amplitude
Built-in Flexibility
Plug-in isolated analog output, dual setpoint controller, and RS232/485 serial communications boards can upgrade Micro and Mighty Series meters from a simple monitor to system interface and control.
Micro Series meters can be powered from 95-240 Vac ±10% and 95-370 Vdc, or optionally from 12-34 Vac and 10-48 Vdc. Any setup functions and front panel keys may be locked out for simplified usage and security. The popular 1/8 DIN version with 0.56″ high digits is environmentally sealed to NEMA-4X (IP65) from the front when panel mounted, and is available with red or green LEDs.
Specifications
AC Voltage (1% to 100% of full scale)
| AC Voltage Range | Resolution | Input Ohms | Typ Error at 25°C |
| 200.00 mV | 10 µV | 22 M | |
| 2.000 V | 100 µV | 22 M | 0.1% FS |
| 20.000 V | 1 mV | 1 M | ± count, |
| 200.00 V | 10 mV | 1 M | 10 Hz to 10 kHz |
| 660.0 V | 100 mV | 1 M |
AC Current (1% to 100% of full scale)
| AC Current Range | Resolution | Input Ohms | Typ Error at 25°C |
| 2.0000 mA | 0.1 µA | 100 | 0.1% FS |
| 20.000 mA | 1.0 µA | 10 | ± count, |
| 200.00 mA | 10 µA | 1 | 10 Hz to 10 kHz |
| 5.000 A | 1.0 mA | 0.01 |
AC Voltage & Current
| Display | |
| Readout | 5 digits, 7-segment |
| Digit Height | Available with 0.56", 1.0", 4.0" or 5.0" digits. |
| Color | High brightness red. Green available with 0.56" digits. |
| Range | -99999 to +99999 |
| -99990 to +99990 (selectable count by 10 with rounding) | |
| Indicators | Minus sign, 2 red LED lamps |
| Accuracy | |
| Span Tempco | 0.005% of reading/°C |
| Zero Tempco | 0.1 counts/°C |
| Crest Factor | 2.4x at 100% of full scale |
| Response Time | |
| RMS to DC | 1 s conversion settling time |
| A-to-D rate | 60/s at 60 Hz, 50/s at 50 Hz |
| Output Update | 56/s at 60 Hz, 47/s at 50 Hz |
| Display Update | 3.5/s at 60 Hz, 3/s at 50 Hz |
| Maximum Signal | |
| Max applied voltage | 660 Vac for 20, 200 and 600 V ranges, 125 Vac for other ranges |
| Overcurrent protection | 25x for 2 mA, 8x for 20 mA, 2.5x for 200 mA, 1x for 5 A |
| Power | |
| Voltage, std. | 95-240 Vac ±10% and 95-370 Vdc |
| Voltage, opt. | 12-34 Vac and 10-48 Vdc |
| Frequency | DC or 49-440 Hz |
| Power isolation | Safety-rated to 250 Vac, meter ground to earth ground, DC to 60 Hz, 4.2 kVp per High Voltage Test |
| Excitation Output | |
| 5 Vdc | 5 Vdc ±5%, 100 mA max |
| 10 Vdc | 10 Vdc ±5%, 120 mA max |
| 24 Vdc | 24 Vdc ±5%, 50 mA max |
| Output isolation | 50 Vdc to meter ground |
| Connector Pin Assignments |
 |
| Environmental | |
| Operating Temperature | 0°C to 60°C |
| Storage Temp. | -40°C to 85°C |
| Relative Humidity | 95% at 40°C, non-condensing |
| Protection | NEMA-4X (IP-65) when panel mounted |
Why Measure AC Power?
Many AC loads, such as electrical motors, will only operate reliably if the AC line voltage and frequency are within specified tolerances. Otherwise permanent damage to expensive plant equipment may occur. Motor generators and UPS systems will only operate reliably with the load for which they are rated. Drops in line voltage or frequency may indicate an excessive load and the possibility of equipment damage.
Micro Series meters and counters are low-cost means to instrument AC power lines with great accuracy:
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AC RMS Voltmeter. Full-scale ranges of interest are 200.00 V with 10 mV resolution and 660.0 V with 100 mV resolution. True RMS capability allows the display of RMS voltage for non-sinusoidal waveshapes, such as square waves from a UPS.
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AC RMS Ammeter. A built-in 5 A range can be used to display currents up to 5.000 A with 10 mA resolution, or to accept the output of 5 A current transformers. The 200.00 mV range can be used with external current shunts. With either transformers or shunts, scaling to the input current is easily accomplished via the meter’s front panel pushbutton switches.
- Frequency Meter. Inverse period is used to determine AC line frequency to six-figure accuracy (60.0000 or 50.0000) in a few line cycles plus 30 ms.
- Phase Angle Meter. Two signals with identical periods are applied to Channels A and B of the Micro phase angle meter. A display from -180º to +180º is obtained by timing the rising edge of one channel and the falling edge of the other channel. A resolution of 1º, 0.1º or 0.01º is selectable. Accuracy is .01% up to 100 Hz, .1% at 1 kHz, and 1% at 10 kHz.
Using Micro Series Meters and Counters to Instrument an AC Line
Successful synchronization of two motor generators requires that the voltage outputs of the generators be close to each other, that the two frequencies be identical, and that the voltage waveshapes be in phase.
- The two voltages can be measured by two Micro AC RMS Voltmeters, which offer 200.00 V and 660.0 V ranges. Or a single meter can be multiplexed by using an external toggle switch.
- The two frequencies can be measured to six-figure accuracy by a single Micro Dual Channel Frequency Meter, where each channel monitors a generator. The two AC neutrals must be tied to meter ground. Pressing a front-panel key toggles the reading between the channels.
- Phase angle can be measured using the Micro Phase Meter.
Using Micro Series Meters to Synchronize Motor Generators
Micro-P Specifications
Mighty-5 Specifications
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